BG 1.3
Behold! The mighty Pandava army, marshalled for battle by your own gifted disciple, Dhrishtadyumna.
व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता
Duryodhana tells Drona to behold the Pandava army, arrayed in military formation by Dhrishtadyumna. He opens his monologue with a delicate reminder to his teacher that they are facing his former students in battle, who have acquired their skills in warfare by his guidance.
mahatīṁ chamūm
Interpreted as "great army", but might be closer to "glorious legions". In the Ramayana, another classic Sanskrit epic, a camū (चमू) is a military division consisting of 729 elephants, 729 chariots, 2187 horses, and 3645 foot soldiers.
drupada-putreṇa
Duryodhana specifically refers to the commander of the opposing army, Dhrishtadyumna, as "son of Drupad" (drupada-putreṇa), to subtly remind his teacher Drona of his former friend Drupada, who humiliated him in childhood for his poor financial condition. Drona would go on to lead a military campaign against Drupad and conquer half of his kingdom of Panchal. Humiliated in defeat, Drupad would go on to perform a fire sacrifice in the aims of producing a powerful son who would defeat Drona. A son emerged from the fire who would go on to become a highly trained warrior under the tutelage of Drona himself, despite Drona being aware of the prophecy that his student would eventually kill him. As someone who holds firm to the principles of dharma, Drona was an impartial teacher to all his students.
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पश्यैतां
paśhyaitāṁ — Look at these
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paśhya — seeing, beholding
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itāṁ — this, these
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पाण्डुपुत्राणामा
pāṇḍu-putrāṇām — Pandavas
Refers to the Pandavas as "sons of Pandu", with the ṇām suffix expanding the reference to "all who support the Pandava cause".-
pāṇḍu — Pandu
पाण्डु
Half brother of Dhritarashtra -
putrā — son
पुत्रा -
ṇām — to salute, support, raise, elevate
णा
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चार्य
āchārya — teacher
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महतीं
mahatīṁ — mighty
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चमूम्
chamūm — army
Camū (चमू) is the general term for an army or military force. In the Ramayana, this word translates closer to "legion" with specific numbers of elephants, chariots, and soldiers -
व्यूढां
vyūḍhāṁ — arranged in military formation
From vyūḍha (व्यूढ) - arranged, arrayed, placed in order -
द्रुपदपुत्रेण
drupada-putreṇa — son of Drupad
Reference to Dhristadyumna, commander of the Pandava army-
drupada — Drupad
द्रुपद -
putreṇa — by the son
द्रुपद
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तव
tava — by your
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शिष्येण
śhiṣhyeṇa — former disciple
Śiṣya (शिष्य) is a student or disciple, and eṇa (एण) as a suffix means "at that time" -
धीमता
dhīmatā — highly intelligent
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dhī — intelligence, understanding
धी -
matā — honored, esteemed
मत
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Behold! The mighty Pandava army, marshalled for battle by your own gifted disciple, Dhrishtadyumna. They have many powerful warriors like Yuyudhan, Virat, and Drupad, equal to Bhima and Arjun in military prowess. They have with them the best of men - Dhristaketu, Chekitan, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, Śaibya, and the King of Kashi. They have with them the courageous Yudhamanyu, the gallant Uttamauja, the sons of Subhadra, and the sons of Draupadi - all great warriors.
Similar verses
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Sanjaya replied: Upon seeing the army of the Pandavas arrayed for battle, Duryodhana approached his teacher Drona and said these words.
- Verse 1.2
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Drona, Bhishma, Jayadratha, Karna, and all the other mighty warriors, have all been condemned to die by my hand. Fight them without fear in this great battle.
- Verse 11.34
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They have with them the courageous Yudhamanyu, the gallant Uttamauja, the sons of Subhadra, and the sons of Draupadi - all great warriors.
- Verse 1.6
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They have many powerful warriors like Yuyudhan, Virat, and Drupad, equal to Bhima and Arjun in military prowess.
- Verse 1.4
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The King of Kashi, wielding a great bow, the mighty warrior Shikandi, Dhrishtadyumna, Virat, and the invincible Satyaki, ...
- Verse 1.17