BG 10.35
Of the hymns, I am the Brhatsaman, and among meters, I am the Gayatri. Among months, I am Margashirsa, and of seasons, I am the spring.
मासानां मार्गशीर्षोऽहमृतूनां कुसुमाकरः
Margashirsha
Margashirsha, also known as Agrahayana, was a month on the ancient Sanskrit calendar that spanned from around November 21st to December 20th. The mention of this month is an important clue in ascertaining the composition date of the Bhagavad Gita, by using astronomical names that correspond to those given in the Surya Siddhanta around the 4th or 5th century.
Assuming Krishna is saying "I am the first month of the year", astronomers have calculated that Margashirsha was indeed the first month of the year between 450 and 700 BCE.
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bṛihat-sāma — the Brihatsama
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bṛihat
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sāma
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tathā — also
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sāmnāṁ — amongst the hymns in the Sama Veda
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gāyatrī — the Gayatri mantra
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chhandasām — amongst poetic meters
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aham — I
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māsānāṁ — of the twelve months
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mārga-śhīrṣho — Margashirsha
Named for the constellation Mṛgaśiraṣa, whose position is described in the Surya Siddhanta.-
mārga — seeking to find
From mṛga, representing nature, a search, roaming in the wild, blazing a trail, etc. -
śhīrṣho — the head
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’ham — I
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ṛitūnāṁ — of all seasons
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kusumākaraḥ — spring
kusuma-ākaraḥ
I am the beginning, middle, and end of creation. Among sciences, I am the science of the self. Of those who argue, I am reasoning. Of the syllables, I am 'A', and of the compounds, I am the copulative. Among the annihilators, I am inexhaustible time, and among the creators, I am Brahma. I am also death, destroyer of all. I am the origin of all that will happen. Of the feminine traits, I am fame, fortune, speech, memory, intelligence, endurance, and forgiveness. Of the hymns, I am the Brhatsaman, and among meters, I am the Gayatri. Among months, I am Margashirsa, and of seasons, I am the spring. Of the fraudulent, I am gambling. I am the brilliance of the brilliant, the effort in excellent, and the purity of the pure. Among the Vishnu clan, I am Vasudeva, and among the Pandavas, I am Arjuna. Among the sages, I am Vyasa, and among the poets, I am Usanas.
Similar verses
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Of the scriptures, I am the hymns. Among the gods, I am Indra. Of the senses, I am the mind, and of all living beings, I am the consciousness within.
- Verse 10.22
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Among the great sages, I am Bhrigu. Among the words, I am the single-syllable Om. Among the offerings, I am the silent prayer. Among all immovable things, I am the Himalayas.
- Verse 10.25
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Among the priests, I am Brhaspati, priest of the gods. Among the generals, I am Skanda, and of the reservoirs of water, I am the mighty ocean.
- Verse 10.24
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Of the trees, I am the sacred fig tree. Among the divine seers, I am Narada. Among the heavenly singers, I am Chitraratha. Among the sages, I am Kapila.
- Verse 10.26
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I am the taste in the waters, the radiance of the sun and moon, the sacred syllable Om in the Vedas, the sound of space, and the vigor of mankind.
- Verse 7.8