Aitareya Upanishad

The Aitareya Upanishad is a short prose text from the Aitareya Aranyaka in the Rig Veda. It explains the symbolic meaning of the rituals described in the previous chapters of the Aranyaka, and contains particularly famous aphorisms (maha vakya) like prajnanam brahma - "Brahman is perfect knowledge". Aitareya Upanishad discusses the philosophy of the individual and the self, the theory of reincarnation, and the relationship between individual consciousness and the universal consciousness.

Aitareya 1.1.1

In the beginning there was the self alone, and nothing to see. He thought, "let me release the worlds."


  • oṃ — sacred syllable Om

  • ātmā — the self

  • — indeed, even, like

  • idameka — this alone

    • idam — this

    • ekaḥ — one, alone, solitary

  • evāgra — foremost indeed

    • eva — indeed, certainly

    • agraḥ — foremost, first

  • āsīnnānyatkiṃcana — was not another whatsoever

    • āsīt — was

    • na — not

    • anyat — other, another

    • kiṃcana — whatever, however
      The suffix cana makes the preceding interrogative indefinite. In the case of kiṃ, which means "what?" or "how?", the suffix changes it to "whatever" or "however".

  • miṣat — blinking
    Miṣ (मिष्) refers to opening the eyes and blinking, and most translations use "blinking" or "winking".

  • sa — He, it

  • īkṣata — thought

  • lokānnu — now the worlds

    • lokān — worlds

    • nu — now, indeed

  • sṛjā — let me release

  • iti — spoke thus
    Indicator that the previous words were spoken.

Aitareya Upanishad